The Paris Agreement, also known as the Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, is a legally binding international treaty on climate change. The agreement was adopted by 196 countries at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris, France, in December 2015. The goal of the agreement is to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, with a target of 1.5 degrees Celsius.

Singapore, a Southeast Asian city-state, signed the Paris Agreement on April 22, 2016, and ratified it on September 21, 2016. The ratification process involved the approval of the agreement by Singapore`s Parliament, as well as the deposit of an instrument of ratification with the United Nations. Singapore`s ratification made it one of the first countries in Southeast Asia to do so.

As a small island state, Singapore is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including rising sea levels, increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, and water scarcity. Recognizing the importance of addressing climate change, Singapore has taken several measures to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.

In 2016, Singapore launched its Climate Action Plan, which outlines the country`s efforts to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the effects of climate change. The plan includes initiatives such as increasing the use of renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, promoting sustainable transportation, and enhancing climate resilience.

Singapore has also participated in international efforts to address climate change, including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In addition, Singapore hosts the Secretariat of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Centre for Energy, which promotes regional cooperation on energy issues, including renewable energy and energy efficiency.

In conclusion, Singapore is a signatory and a ratifier of the Paris Agreement, and has taken several measures to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change. As a small island state, Singapore is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, and recognizes the importance of addressing this global issue.